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专注力增强

专注力增强是指选择性集中于环境某一方面的能力得到提升、同时忽略其他事物的体验。它最常见于中度剂量的兴奋剂和益智药化合物的影响下出现,例如苯丙胺、methylphenidate、modafinil和caffeine

专注力增强是指选择性集中于环境某一方面的能力得到提升、同时忽略其他事物的体验。这种高度专注的感受可以让人持续专注于并完成那些原本会因过于单调、乏味或枯燥而无法不分心的任务。12 这种效应引起的专注程度可以远超一个人清醒时所能达到的水平。它可以让人对某一特定活动进行数小时毫不费力、心无旁骛且持续的专注,而排除进食和照料躯体功能等所有其他考虑。虽然专注力增强可以提高一个人投入任务和有效利用时间的能力,但值得注意的是,它也可能导致一个人过度专注于不重要的活动并花费过多时间。

专注力增强通常伴随其他同时出现的效应,例如动力增强、思维加速和兴奋作用。它最常见于中度剂量的兴奋剂和益智药化合物的影响下出现,例如苯丙胺3、methylphenidate4、modafinil5和caffeine67。然而,在中度剂量下引发这种精神状态的相同化合物,在更高剂量下也常常会导致相反的专注力抑制效应。8

参考文献

参见

外部链接

  1. 益智药(Wikipedia)

引用

  1. Ford, J. A., & Schroeder, R. D. (2008). Academic strain and non-medical use of prescription stimulants among college students. Deviant Behavior, 30(1), 26-53.
  2. Riccio, C. A., Waldrop, J. J., Reynolds, C. R., & Lowe, P. (2001). Effects of stimulants on the continuous performance test (CPT) implications for CPT use and interpretation. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 13(3), 326-335.
  3. Seiden, L. S., Sabol, K. E., & Ricaurte, G. A. (1993). Amphetamine: effects on catecholamine systems and behavior. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 33(1), 639-676.
  4. Sprague, R. L., & Sleator, E. K. (1977). Methylphenidate in hyperkinetic children: Differences in dose effects on learning and social behavior. Science, 198(4323), 1274-1276.
  5. Randall, D. C., Viswanath, A., Bharania, P., Elsabagh, S. M., Hartley, D. E., Shneerson, J. M., & File, S. E. (2005). Does modafinil enhance cognitive performance in young volunteers who are not sleep-deprived?. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 25(2), 175-179.
  6. Bernstein, G. A., Carroll, M. E., Crosby, R. D., Perwien, A. R., Go, F. S., & Benowitz, N. L. (1994). Caffeine effects on learning, performance, and anxiety in normal school-age children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(3), 407-415.
  7. Caffeine effects (Erowid)
  8. Salo, R., Nordahl, T. E., Natsuaki, Y., Leamon, M. H., Galloway, G. P., Waters, C., ... & Buonocore, M. H. (2007). Attentional control and brain metabolite levels in methamphetamine abusers. Biological psychiatry, 61(11), 1272-1280.
贡献者:Josie·Kaylee·Graham·Natalie